аЯрЁБс>ўџ tvўџџџsџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџьЅшџџФЅщ,€рр€\оb‹3Pо ђџџЦыџџfисисисШџџ4в(КџџКџџжџџ тсАџџŒхџџT Г4ид а@№`€@цЫсхџџT Г4  @@``€€@цЫсхџџT Г4“а@№`€0 @цЫсеџџtЖџџL З<Times New RomanЪсЖџџL З<"ArialЪсЖџџL З<џTimes New RomanЪсеџџя$€S€™фџџ)џџB* \диDјlge,,b,їП,e,Pџџџ§•џџdd징џџdd-§•џџdd5§•џџdd§•џџddнџџџдиDјlge bїПePџџџ§•џџddм§–џџdd-§•џџdd5§–џџdd§•џџddнџџџдиDјlge  b їП e Pџџџ§•џџdd징џџdd-§•џџdd5§•џџdd§•џџddнџџџдиDјlgebїПePџџџ•ddўџџџм•ddўџџџ-•ddўџџџ5•ddўџџџ•ddўџџџнџџџдиEјlgebїПePџџџ§•џџdd징џџdd-§•џџdd5§•џџdd§•џџddнџџџдиџџџџ@јlgeџџџџџџbџџџїПџџџeџџџPџџџџџџмџџџ-џџџ5џџџџџџнџџџдиџџџџ@јlgeџџџџџџbџџџїПџџџeџџџPџџџџџџмџџџ-џџџ5џџџџџџнџџџдиџџџџ@јlgeџџџџџџbџџџїПџџџeџџџPџџџџџџмџџџ-џџџ5џџџџџџнџџџдиџџџџ@јlgeџџџџџџbџџџїПџџџeџџџPџџџџџџмџџџ-џџџ5џџџџџџнџџџФ џџХ С (§џџџ§џџџ‡Н 8џ00Ёџџt :РnPмbЂџџDЃ$€џџЕрџџьу42맕џџddт3$ю5ьџџ/ю/ьџџ0ю0ьџџ1ю1­аџџ{ бюџџёя€эРєџџїџџ@ pї йџџHкКџџ.Кџџ/Кџџ0єџџ4xя$џџџ–––Ь™33ЬЬЬџВВВР џџ€С (§џџџРєџџїџџ@ p§џџџ‡Н 8џ‰џ00нbИ џџYТ џџKУ bС (§џџџ3Ppіџџ0§џџ §џџџ‰Н 8џџџ‰00мbЁџџЃ :ФnPмbЂџџsЃ$€џџЊіџџM§џџV уџџџЕрџџю5DNS: In a BINDьџџ</ю,/тXb‡,€ўbьџџX0юH0у4Xb‡§•џџd0dьџџ(1ю1сXb‡џџџџ­Т џџюУ bС (§џџџ3P јџџ рp§џџџ‰Н 8џџџ‰00мbЁџџF :ФnPмbЂџџЃ$€џџZјџџ=ІSЕрџџОю:5Where are we and where could we go from here? Mike Scherьџџ”/ю„/тdf‡ €ўbтdf‡ €ўbтdf‡ €ўbьџџ00ю 0у4df‡§•џџd0dу4df‡§•џџd0dу4df‡§•џџd0d у4df‡§•џџd0dьџџp1ю`1сdf‡џџџџсdf‡џџџџсdf‡џџџџсdf‡џџџџ­юџџВя€эРєџџїџџ@ pнbї йџџHкКџџ.Кџџ/Кџџ0єџџ4xя$џџџ–––Ь™33ЬЬЬџВВВР џџ€С (§џџџРєџџїџџ@ p§џџџ‡Н 8џ‰џ00нbИ џџР џџJС (§џџџ№єџџљџџ? ћџџ§џџџН 8џџџ00мbЁџџК :ХnPмbЂџџŠЃ$€џџ*ѕџџ6љџџ ћџџЕз4њџџрџџю5www.defcon.orgьџџ</ю,/т$œ‡0bьџџX0юH0у4$œ‡§•џџddьџџ(1ю1с$œ‡џџџџ­Р џџАС (§џџџ†їџџOћџџњїџџуќџџ§џџџ‡Н 8џџџ00мbЁџџ  :бnPмbюџџБя€эРєџџїџџ@ pнbї йџџHкКџџ.Кџџ/Кџџ0єџџ4xя$џџџ–––Ь™33ЬЬЬџВВВР џџ€С (§џџџРєџџїџџ@ p§џџџ‡Н 8џ‰џ00нbИ џџР џџ С (§џџџtїџџ9њџџ6ўџџ§џџџН 8џџџ00мbЁџџy :бnPмbЂџџIЃ$QZћџџЎїџџVњџџќdўџџЕрџџёюU51. Query local cache nameserver for www.defcon.org (i.e., ask for the IP address)ьџџ</ю,/Uт$Ѓ‡$bьџџш0юи0$у4$Ѓ‡§•џџddу4$Ѓ‡§•џџdd"у4$Ѓ‡§•џџddьџџ(1ю1Uс$Ѓ‡џџџџ­юџџъя€эРєџџїџџ@ pнbї йџџHкКџџ.Кџџ/Кџџ0єџџ4xя$џџџ–––Ь™33ЬЬЬџВВВР џџ€С (§џџџРєџџїџџ@ p§џџџ‡Н 8џ‰џ00нbИ џџRР џџBС (§џџџіџџоњџџт &џџџ§џџџН 8џџџ00мbЁџџВ :бnPмbЂџџ‚Ѓ$QџћџџQіџџћњџџЈ џџџЕзшџџџ§џџрџџюv52. Cache server checks cache, then queries server(s) in its list of root servers if info not already cached.ьџџ</ю,/vтlЊ‡$bьџџш0юи0+у4lЊ‡§•џџdd3у4lЊ‡§•џџddу4lЊ‡§•џџddьџџ(1ю1vсlЊ‡џџџџ­юџџоя €эРєџџїџџ@ pнbї йџџHкКџџ.Кџџ/Кџџ0єџџ4xя$џџџ–––Ь™33ЬЬЬџВВВР џџ€С (§џџџРєџџїџџ@ p§џџџ‡Н 8џ‰џ00нbИ џџFР џџ6С (§џџџЩєџџ.љџџЫ §џџџН 8џџџ00мbЁџџІ :бnPмbЂџџvЃ$QOњџџѕџџKљџџ‘ џЕрџџю^5 3. Root server responds with who has authority for .org. If root server has authority for .org, it will recurse to that level, and return who has authority over defcon.org nameservice. defcon.org NS NS2.CATALOG.COM defcon.org NS NS2.NW.COM defcon.org NS NS2.DATAMERICA.COMьџџh/юX/ЬтФБ‡$b’тФБ‡bьџџр0юа0у4ФБ‡§•џџddу4ФБ‡§•џџdd0у4ФБ‡§•џџdd7у4ФБ‡§•џџdd4у4ФБ‡§•џџdd0у4ФБ‡§•џџddу4ФБ‡§•џџdd1у4ФБ‡§•џџdd,у4ФБ‡§•џџdd3у4ФБ‡§•џџddьџџ(1ю1^сФБ‡џџџџ­юџџця €эРєџџїџџ@ pнbї йџџHкКџџ.Кџџ/Кџџ0єџџ4xя$џџџ–––Ь™33ЬЬЬџВВВР џџ€С (§џџџРєџџїџџ@ p§џџџ‡Н 8џ‰џ00нbИ џџNР џџ>С (§џџџљєџџоњџџ; &џџџ§џџџН 8џџџ00мbЁџџЎ :бnPмbЂџџ~Ѓ$Qџћџџ3ѕџџћњџџ џџџЕз"§џџрџџюr54. Cache server queries one or more of the listed nameservers, and returns the results to the end-user’s machine.ьџџ</ю,/rтhМ‡$bьџџш0юи02у4hМ‡§•џџdd-у4hМ‡§•џџddу4hМ‡§•џџddьџџ(1ю1rсhМ‡џџџџ­юџџя€эРєџџїџџ@ pнbї йџџHкКџџ.Кџџ/Кџџ0єџџ4xя$џџџ–––Ь™33ЬЬЬџВВВР џџ€С (§џџџРєџџїџџ@ p§џџџ‡Н 8џ‰џ00нbИ џџzР џџSС (§џџџQѕџџџџџУ њ§џџџН 8џџџ00мbЁџџУ :ХnPмbЂџџ“Ѓ$…€џџ‹ѕџџЊџџџ‰ нЕрџџ;ю/5http://www.icann.org/yokohama/new-tld-topic.htmьџџ</ю,//тИУ‡ SўbьџџX0юH0/у4ИУ‡§•џџddьџџ(1ю1/сИУ‡џџџџ­Р џџС (§џџџСєџџјџџФЧќџџ§џџџ‡Н 8џџџ00мbЁџџw :бnPмbЂџџGЃ$‘ љџџћєџџœјџџŠЊќџџЕзzіљџџрџџзю;5ICANN: Internet Corporation for Assigned Names and Numbersьџџ</ю,/;тИЧ‡$bьџџш0юи0у4ИЧ‡§•џџdd#у4ИЧ‡§•џџddу4ИЧ‡§•џџddьџџ(1ю1;сИЧ‡џџџџ­юџџ~я€эРєџџїџџ@ pнbї йџџHкКџџ.Кџџ/Кџџ0єџџ4xя$џџџ–––Ь™33ЬЬЬџВВВР џџ€С (§џџџРєџџїџџ@ p§џџџ‡Н 8џ‰џ00нbИ џџцР џџжС (§џџџ ѕџџ–љџџ а§џџџН 8џџџ00мbЁџџF :ХnPмbЂџџЃ$…€џџZѕџџГљџџж ГЕзГќџџрџџІюz5Aug. 1 deadline for new TLD proposals from new or existing registries $50,000 non-refundable fee if TLD is acceptedьџџ</ю,/zтфЮ‡(€ўbьџџx0юh0'у4фЮ‡§•џџddу4фЮ‡§•џџdd!у4фЮ‡•џџddу4фЮ‡§•џџdd0у4фЮ‡•џџddьџџ(1ю1zсфЮ‡џџџџ­юџџH я€эРєџџїџџ@ pнbї йџџHкКџџ.Кџџ/Кџџ0єџџ4xя$џџџ–––Ь™33ЬЬЬџВВВР џџ€С (§џџџРєџџїџџ@ p§џџџ‡Н 8џ‰џ00нbИ џџАР џџ5С (§џџџіљџџЙјџџџРњџџ§џџџН 8џџџ00мbЁџџЅ :бnPмbЂџџuЃ$‘0њџџ0њџџжјџџХЃњџџЕрџџю5“Sunrise plus 20”ьџџ</ю,/т4з‡0€ўbьџџX0юH0у44燧•џџddьџџ(1ю1с4з‡џџџџ­Р џџ[С (§џџџжѕџџ ћџџж §џџџ‡Н 8џџџ00мbЁџџЫ :бnPмbЂџџ›Ѓ$‘ќџџіџџ*ћџџœ ѕЕз1іџџжћџџрџџ+у42к•џџddт3 €ўюЛ5 Registered Trademark holders get right of first refusal for “their “respective names in any new TLD for first 20 days. ICANN will operate a “primary” or “master” root server ьџџ</ю,/Лтл‡ €ўbьџџP0ю@0,у4뇕џџdd5у4뇕џџddу4뇕џџddу4뇕џџdd,у4뇕џџddу4뇕џџddу4뇕џџddу4뇕џџddьџџ(1ю1Лсл‡џџџџ­юџџая€эРєџџїџџ@ pнbї йџџHкКџџ.Кџџ/Кџџ0єџџ4xя$џџџ–––Ь™33ЬЬЬџВВВР џџ€С (§џџџРєџџїџџ@ p§џџџ‡Н 8џ‰џ00нbИ џџ8Р џџ(С (§џџџfіџџ ћџџ:ћџџњ§џџ§џџџН 8џџџ00мbЁџџ˜ :бnPмbЂџџhЃ$б0§џџ іџџ*ћџџћџџн§џџЕрџџю5Ajaxьџџ</ю,/тау‡HbьџџX0юH0у4а󇧕џџddьџџ(1ю1сау‡џџџџ­юџџ я€эРєџџїџџ@ pнbї йџџHкКџџ.Кџџ/Кџџ0єџџ4xя$џџџ–––Ь™33ЬЬЬџВВВР џџ€С (§џџџРєџџїџџ@ p§џџџ‡Н 8џ‰џ00нbИ џџrР џџbС (§џџџзѕџџ)јџџ‰ ў§џџџН 8џџџ00мbЁџџв :бnPмbЂџџЂЃ$б љџџіџџFјџџO сЕрџџJюŽ5Ajax cleaner (Colgate-Palmolive) Ajax football, NL Ajax, town in Ontario,CA Ajax Records Ajax by Sophocles Ajax Custom Grips Ajax Boiler Inc. ьџџ</ю,/Žтќщ‡0bьџџ0юј0!у4ќщ‡§•џџddу4ќщ‡§•џџddу4ќщ‡§•џџdd у4ќщ‡§•џџddу4ќщ‡§•џџddу4ќщ‡§•џџddу4ќщ‡§•џџddьџџ(1ю1Žсќщ‡џџџџ­юџџkя€эРєџџїџџ@ pнbї йџџHкКџџ.Кџџ/Кџџ0єџџ4xя$џџџ–––Ь™33ЬЬЬџВВВР џџ€С (§џџџРєџџїџџ@ p§џџџ‡Н 8џ‰џ00нbИ џџгР џџУС (§џџџ†њџџќџџ^§џџџН 8џџџ00мbЁџџ3 :бnPмbЂџџЃ$бР§џџРњџџ;ќџџ$ЕзРњџџi§џџрџџ“у42꧕џџddт3$ю5citibank.ngo gm.food ьџџh/юX/тHѓ‡6bтHѓ‡$bьџџ00ю 0 у4Hѓ‡§•џџddу4Hѓ‡§•џџddу4Hѓ‡§•џџddу4Hѓ‡§•џџddьџџ(1ю1сHѓ‡џџџџ­юџџя€эРєџџїџџ@ pнbї йџџHкКџџ.Кџџ/Кџџ0єџџ4xя$џџџ–––Ь™33ЬЬЬџВВВР џџ€С (§џџџРєџџїџџ@ p§џџџ‡Н 8џ‰џ00нbИ џџƒР џџsС (§џџџІѕџџOјџџ g§џџџН 8џџџ00мbЁџџу :бnPмbЂџџГЃ$бpљџџрѕџџlјџџй JЕзшѕџџxљџџрџџCюg5 Possible Local Virtual Root Functions Filter out some less-desirable domains Give faster nameservice response to local users than querying the remote, busy legacy roots. Create a useful namespace for a set of interests (.med, .agri, .cats) Add specificity to what otherwise is a vague namespace (ibm.com -> pcs.ibm, mainframes.ibm…) ьџџ</ю,/gтDћ‡$bьџџ(0ю0*у4Dћ‡•џџddу4Dћ‡•џџdd(у4Dћ‡•џџdd&у4Dћ‡•џџdd)у4Dћ‡§•џџddу4Dћ‡§•џџdd(у4Dћ‡•џџdd"у4Dћ‡§•џџdd(у4Dћ‡•џџddу4Dћ‡§•џџdd)у4Dћ‡§•џџddьџџ(1ю1gсDћ‡џџџџ­юџџ‚я€эРєџџїџџ@ pнbї йџџHкКџџ.Кџџ/Кџџ0єџџ4xя$џџџ–––Ь™33ЬЬЬџВВВР џџ€С (§џџџРєџџїџџ@ p§џџџ‡Н 8џ‰џ00нbИ џџъР џџкС (§џџџРєџџяїџџ? u§џџџН 8џџџ00мbЁџџJ :ХnPмbЂџџЃ$Х€џџњєџџ јџџ XЕзџџџџ/рџџЊу42꧕џџddт3 юЦ5 Local Virtual/Distributed Root FUD Some kook will come out with a competing and overlapping .com registry Root zones are HUGE and traffic is intense! Trademark violations will run rampant ьџџh/юX/%тшˆ$bЁтшˆ bьџџ˜0юˆ0$у4шˆ§•џџddу4шˆ§•џџdd.у4шˆ•џџddу4шˆ§•џџddу4шˆ§•џџdd-у4шˆ•џџddу4шˆ§•џџdd'у4шˆ•џџddу4шˆ§•џџddьџџ(1ю1Цсшˆџџџџ­юџџ"я€эРєџџїџџ@ pнbї йџџHкКџџ.Кџџ/Кџџ0єџџ4xя$џџџ–––Ь™33ЬЬЬџВВВР џџ€С (§џџџРєџџїџџ@ p§џџџˆН 8џ‰џ00нbИ џџŠР џџzС (§џџџvѕџџ јџџ§ ’§џџџН 8џџџ00мbЁџџъ :бnPмbЂџџКЃ$AљџџАѕџџ=јџџУ uЕрџџbу42꧕џџddт3$ю5 Flattening the namespace/redundant names Namespace overlap between roots Transparent proxies from managed or bandwidth-saving services (DSL, cable-modem providers) Need to regularly update the local virtual root’s list of what the roots you are combining have. ьџџ</ю,/т ˆ$bьџџ(0ю0*у4 ˆ•џџddу4 ˆ§•џџdd!у4 ˆ•џџddу4 ˆ§•џџdd%у4 ˆ•џџddу4 ˆ§•џџdd у4 ˆ§•џџddу4 ˆ§•џџdd,у4 ˆ•џџdd*у4 ˆ§•џџddу4 ˆ§•џџddьџџ(1ю1с ˆџџџџ­юџџW я€эРєџџїџџ@ pнbї йџџHкКџџ.Кџџ/Кџџ0єџџ4xя$џџџ–––Ь™33ЬЬЬџВВВР џџ€С (§џџџРєџџїџџ@ p§џџџˆН 8џ‰џ00нbИ џџПР џџС (§џџџ6іџџљџџЊіџџЃњџџ§џџџН 8џџџ00мbЁџџŒ :бnPмbЂџџ\Ѓ$0њџџpіџџ,љџџpіџџ†њџџЕзxіџџ8њџџрџџьу42꧕џџddт3$€ю5ьџџ/ю/ьџџ0ю0ьџџ1ю1­Р џџƒС (§џџџ6іџџ№їџџ b§џџџ‰Н 8џџџ00мbЁџџѓ :бnPмbЂџџУЃ$љџџpіџџ јџџV EЕрџџkу42꧕џџddт3$ю#5TLD conflicts become manageable, resolvable in a predictable manner chosen by the local virtual root maintainer Allows one to shift one’s view on the namespace more or less at will as needs or wants change Decreases external DNS-related traffic and improves name resolution response time. ьџџ</ю,/#тH:‰$bьџџ(0ю0!у4H:‰§•џџdd*у4H:‰§•џџdd%у4H:‰§•џџddу4H:‰§•џџdd&у4H:‰§•џџdd(у4H:‰§•џџddу4H:‰§•џџddу4H:‰§•џџdd'у4H:‰§•џџdd&у4H:‰§•џџddу4H:‰§•џџddьџџ(1ю1#сH:‰џџџџ­юџџjя€эРєџџїџџ@ pнbї йџџHкКџџ.Кџџ/Кџџ0єџџ4xя$џџџ–––Ь™33ЬЬЬџВВВР џџ€С (§џџџРєџџїџџ@ p§џџџ‰Н 8џ‰џ00нbИ џџвР џџŠС (§џџџжѕџџяњџџр Ÿ§џџџН 8џџџ00мbЁџџњ :бnPмbЂџџЪЃ$ќџџіџџ ћџџІ ‚ЕрџџrюЖ5Build into existing or new nameserver software Make external applications that farm extant roots over some protocol and create a locally specified root file based on local criteriaьџџ</ю,/Жтд˜‰$bьџџ0юј0&у4д˜‰§•џџdd у4д˜‰§•џџddу4д˜‰§•џџdd,у4д˜‰§•џџdd'у4д˜‰§•џџdd+у4д˜‰§•џџddу4д˜‰§•џџddьџџ(1ю1Жсд˜‰џџџџ­Р џџ(С (§џџџЖ§џџјџџsіљџџ§џџџ‰Н 8џџџ00мbЁџџ˜ :бnPмbЂџџhЃ$pљџџ№§џџ3јџџ9йљџџЕрџџю5How?ьџџ</ю,/тœо‰,bьџџX0юH0у4œо‰§•џџddьџџ(1ю1сœо‰џџџџ­юџџ<я€эРєџџїџџ@ pнbї йџџHкКџџ.Кџџ/Кџџ0єџџ4xя$џџџ–––Ь™33ЬЬЬџВВВР џџ€С (§џџџРєџџїџџ@ p§џџџ‰Н 8џ‰џ00нbИ џџЄР џџ”С (§џџџРєџџtїџџЫX§џџџН 8џџџ00мbЁџџ :бnPмbЂџџдЃ$QБјџџњєџџ‘їџџ‘;Езхјџџљџџрџџdу42꧕џџddт3$ю€5Some References Open RootServer Coalition http://support.open-rsc.org The Internet Namespace Consortium http://tinc-org.com ьџџh/юX/тШх‰(bqтШх‰$bьџџ˜0юˆ0у4Шх‰§•џџddу4Шх‰§•џџddу4Шх‰§•џџddу4Шх‰§•џџddу4Шх‰§•џџddу4Шх‰§•џџdd"у4Шх‰§•џџddу4Шх‰§•џџddу4Шх‰§•џџddьџџ(1ю1€сШх‰џџџџ­аџџЭ бјџџЉя€эРєџџїџџ@ pнbя$7џџџ–––Ь™33ЬЬЬџВВВя$7џџџџџџџ™џџџ3–––я$7џџЬ€€™™33™3€3ЬџЬfя$7џџџ999ЫЫЫ†††MMMъъъя$7џџџŸŸŸџЬfџЬЬРРРя$7џџџ†††ЫЫЫfџџ3™я$7џџџ–––3™џ™џЬЬЬВВВї йџџHкКџџ.Кџџ/Кџџ0єџџ4xя$џџџ–––Ь™33ЬЬЬџВВВР џџ€С (§џџџРєџџїџџ@ p§џџџˆН 8џ‰џ00нbИ џџ• Т џџ\У bС (§џџџ3Ppіџџљџџ рћџџ§џџџ‰Н 8џџџ‰00мbЁџџД :ФnPмbфџџ„Ѓ$D€џџЊіџџ-љџџV УћџџЕрџџ,ю 5Click to edit Master title styleьџџ</ю,/ тdˆ,bьџџX0юH0 у4dˆ§•џџddьџџ(1ю1 сdˆџџџџ­Т џџ2У bС (§џџџ3Ppіџџpќџџ §џџџ‰Н 8џџџ‰00мbЁџџŠ :ФnPмbфџџZЃ$D€џџЊіџџќџџV sЕрџџюR5Click to edit Master text styles Second level Third level Fourth level Fifth levelьџџР/юА/!тˆˆ b тˆˆb тˆˆbтˆˆbьџџx0юh0!у4ˆˆ§•џџdd у4ˆˆ§–џџdd у4ˆˆ§•џџdd у4ˆˆ§–џџdd у4ˆˆ§•џџddьџџ(1ю1Rсˆˆџџџџ­Т џџ=У bС (§џџџ3Ppіџџ№ ћџџ§џџџ‰Н 8џџџ‰00мbЁџџ• :РnPмbЂџџeЃ$@€џџЊіџџ цњџџѓЕрџџ ю5*ьџџ</ю,/тL%ˆ€bьџџX0юH0у4L%ˆ§•џџddьџџ(1ю1сL%ˆ­Т џџ=У bС (§џџџ3Ppќџџ№§џџџ‰Н 8џџџ‰00мbЁџџ• :РnPмbЂџџeЃ$@€џџЊќџџ VѓЕрџџ ю5*ьџџ</ю,/тL)ˆ€bьџџX0юH0у4L)ˆ§•џџddьџџ(1ю1сL)ˆ­Т џџ=У bС (§џџџ3Pр№ §џџџ‰Н 8џџџ‰00мbЁџџ• :РnPмbЂџџeЃ$@€џџ V ѓЕрџџ ю5*ьџџ</ю,/тL-ˆ€bьџџX0юH0у4L-ˆ§•џџddьџџ(1ю1сL-ˆ­КџџŒаџџb бџџџDКџџ _VBA_PROJECTКџџ њџџ–Дўъџџ0ћћ§48d8d5d5dŽ, <їџџфњџџ‡џџD§4BdBdBdBdN, Юˆџџ$dуџџeщ,ъ рPowerPoint Documentўџр…ŸђљOhЋ‘+'Гй0Д `h€  Ќ Ь и ф№јфDNS: In a BINDstrangestrange6Microsoft PowerPoint@рž FC@РDzцєП@€#зpЉљПрGДџџџџ‚1% в(&џџџџ`њџџШћџџš2 &џџџџ&џџџџTNPPЈb=P‰† & TNPP№ &џџџџ&TNPP  Шћ`њ j: њџџџ"-ќџџџ- џџџ :ЂШћ`њћШџTimes New Roman!-. ћШџTimes New RomanЅ-№. ћPџTimes New Roman!-№.  €2 џ˜§DNS: In a BINDb1,,;X,N,u;ћ€џTimes New RomanЅ-№.  € Х+Г(2 „§Where are we and wherey@9+8 9+9 \9 9@@ \@9+8ћ€џџTimes New Roman!-№.  € Х+Г2 Ъ §could9@@$@ћ€џTimes New RomanЅ-№ € Х+Г!2 ЪНў we go from here? ]9 @@ *+@c @9+98ћ€џTimes New Roman!-№. ћ€џTimes New RomanЅ-№.  € Х+Г2 :зў Mike Scherr$@8 H8@9+&TNPP &џџџџ-ќ-ћМ"Systemn-№ўџеЭеœ.“—+,љЎ0Ј `h€ˆ˜   ЈА И HфOn-screen ShowьЅr ArialTimes New RomanDefault DesignDNS: In a BINDNo Slide TitleNo Slide TitleNo Slide TitleNo Slide TitleNo Slide TitleNo Slide TitleNo Slide TitleNo Slide TitleNo Slide TitleNo Slide TitleNo Slide TitleNo Slide TitleNo Slide TitleNo Slide TitleNo Slide TitleNo Slide TitleNo Slide Title  Fonts UsedDesign Template Slide TitlesDNS: In a BIND Where are we and where could we go from here? Mike Scher www.defcon.org 1. Query local cache nameserver for www.defcon.org (i.e., ask for the IP address) 2. Cache server checks cache, then queries server(s) in its list of root servers if info not already cached. 3. Root server responds with who has authority for .org. If root server has authority for .org, it will recurse to that level, and return who has authority over defcon.org nameservice. defcon.org NS NS2.CATALOG.COM defcon.org NS NS2.NW.COM defcon.org NS NS2.DATAMERICA.COM 4. Cache server queries one or more of the listed nameservers, and returns the results to the end-user’s machine. http://www.icann.org/yokohama/new-tld-topic.htm ICANN: Internet Corporation for Assigned Names and Numbers Aug. 1 deadline for new TLD proposals from new or existing registries $50,000 non-refundable fee if TLD is accepted “Sunrise plus 20” Registered Trademark holders get right of first refusal for “their “respective names in any new TLD for first 20 days. ICANN will operate a “primary” or “master” root server Ajax Ajax cleaner (Colgate-Palmolive) Ajax football, NL Ajax, town in Ontario,CA Ajax Records Ajax by Sophocles Ajax Custom Grips Ajax Boiler Inc. citibank.ngo gm.food Possible Local Virtual Root Functions Filter out some less-desirable domains Give faster nameservice response to local users than querying the remote, busy legacy roots. Create a useful namespace for a set of interests (.med, .agri, .cats) Add specificity to what otherwise is a vague namespace (ibm.com -> pcs.ibm, mainframes.ibm…) Local Virtual/Distributed Root FUD Some kook will come out with a competing and overlapping .com registry Root zones are HUGE and traffic is intense! Trademark violations will run rampant Flattening the namespace/redundant names Namespace overlap between roots Transparent proxies from managed or bandwidth-saving services (DSL, cable-modem providers) Need to regularly update the local virtual root’s list of what the roots you are combining have. TLD conflicts become manageable, resolvable in a predictable manner chosen by the local virtual root maintainer Allows one to shift one’s view on the namespace more or less at will as needs or wants change Decreases external DNS-related traffic and improves name resolution response time. Build into existing or new nameserver software Make external applications that farm extant roots over some protocol and create a locally specified root file based on local criteria How? Some References Open RootServer Coalition http://support.open-rsc.org The Internet Namespace Consortium http://tinc-org.com   !"#$%&'()*+,-./0123456789:;<=>?@ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRўџџџTUVWXYZўџџџ\]^_`abўџџџdefghijўџџџlmnopqrўџџџ§џџџuўџџџўџџџўџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџRoot EntryleNo Slide TitleNo Slide TitleџџџџџџџџpЎ{ъ;ћЭЉЊQЃNo РsVВљПw€Text_ContentDesign Template џџџџџџџџџџџџkSummaryInformation(џџџџџџџџ[PowerPoint Document(џџџџќЅDocumentSummaryInformation8џџџџџџџџџџџџcPersistentStorage Directory8џџџџџџџџSCurrent Userџџџџ Headerџџџџџџџџџџџџ9ўџџџўџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџstrangeMicrosoft (R) PowerPoint (R) Windows №_Р‘у